Avifauna and Trees Diversity in Relation to Habitat Type at Metallurgical Training Centre, Ajaokuta Kogi State

Abstract

Avifauna and tree communities are key indicators of ecological integrity for habitat quality, climate resilience and biodiversity richness, yet baseline data for Ajaokuta, Kogi State (Guinea Savanna zone) remain scarce. This study assessed the diversity and abundance of trees and birds across three habitat types: savanna, forest, and riparian within the MTC Ajaokuta landscape, and identified anthropogenic pressures shaping their distribution. Tree assemblages were sampled using the Modified Whittaker technique, while bird populations were surveyed via point counts during twice‑weekly visits over six months. Ancillary observations recorded human activities affecting the habitats such as hunting, deforestation and bush burning. Data were processed in Microsoft Excel and SPSS 23 version. Results revealed 18 tree species (282 individuals) in the savanna, 24 species (135 individuals) in the forest, and 25 species (137 individuals) in the riparian zone. Shannon‑Weiner indices were 0.31 (low) for savanna, 1.88 (moderate) for forest, and 1.87 (moderate) for riparian habitats. Bird surveys recorded 17 species (432 individuals) in savanna, 17 species (416 individuals) in forest, and 35 species (825 individuals) in riparian habitat, with Shannon indices of 1.57, 1.58, and 1.58 respectively indicating moderate diversity across all habitats but highest richness in riparian areas. Ongoing anthropogenic activities, including hunting, deforestation, bush burning, and urban encroachment, were pervasive and pose significant threats to biodiversity. The findings underscore the need for stringent conservation measures, sustainable land‑use practices, protected‑area designation, and continued monitoring to safeguard the avian and arboreal communities of MTC Ajaokuta.